Kindergarten 

• Focus on representing and comparing whole numbers with objects 

• Describing the physical world using geometric ideas and vocabulary 

First Grade 

• Understanding addition, subtraction, and strategies within 20 

• Grasping whole number relationships and place value 

• Understanding measurement and geometric shapes 

Second Grade 

• Mastery of base-10 notation 

• Building fluency with addition and subtraction 

• Using standard units of measure 

• Describing and analyzing shapes 

Third Grade 

• Understanding multiplication and division strategies within 100 

• Grasping fractions, especially unit fractions 

• Understanding rectangular arrays, area, and two-dimensional shapes 

Fourth Grade 

• Understanding multi-digit multiplication and division 

• Grasping fraction equivalence, addition, subtraction, and multiplication 

• Analyzing and classifying geometric figures based on their properties 

Fifth Grade 

• Developing fluency with fractions (addition/subtraction) and limited cases of multiplication/division 

• Developing fluency with decimal operations, place value, and operations with decimals 

• Understanding volume